Republican state lawmakers in several states who opposed school choice initiatives with teachers union support are consistently losing their primary elections.

In Iowa, Kentucky, and Texas, a slew of Republican state lawmakers who bucked their party’s long-standing support of school choice and in some cases received endorsements and donations from teachers unions all lost their respective primaries in recent weeks.

The results have raised questions about whether opposition to school choice and support from teachers unions is becoming a kiss of death for the careers of Republican state lawmakers.

“School choice is emerging as a litmus-test issue for Republican primary voters,” Corey DeAngelis, the director of research at the school choice advocacy group American Federation for Children, told the Washington Examiner. “At this point, any Republican opposing school choice and parental rights in education is essentially begging to end their political careers.”